生活型

herb

形態特徵

• Perennial herbs, villose, 20–80 cm tall. Stem stout, a short rhizome with numerous adventitious fibrous roots.
• Leaves numerous, in more or less erect to spreading rossette; petiole as long as blade; blade lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 10–50 cm long, 2–3 cm wide, entire or shallowly dentate.
• Scapes to 80 cm long. Spikes conic to short-cylindric, to 10 cm long, 2 cm wide; bracts broadly lanceolate, grabrous, 5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, mucronate, midrib greenish, margin slightly irregular incised. Flowers densely clustered on the spikes; outer sepals (the two adjacent to the bract) united, cymbiform; inner sepals 2, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, midrib greenish, hairy at tip; corolla tubular, 4 mm long, membranaceous, translucent, flushed with brown, 4-lobed, segments lanceolate-triangular, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, extrorse, midrib lacking; stamens 4, exserted from corolla tube, alternate corolla segments, filaments 7 mm long, extending beyond corolla tube; anthers ovate-lanceolate, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, yellow flushed with green; pistil 1, 6 mm long, style slender, villose, extending beyond corolla tube; ovary depressed ovoid, 1 mm long, green.
• Capsule ovoid, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, brownish at maturity. Seeds 2, oblong, concave, 2.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, blackish brown.

物候

flowering February to June, and fruiting July to November.

分布

• 台灣 : Sunny grasslands from lowlands to high mountains (to 2700 m).
• 世界 : Endemic to Europe, now widely naturalized in Northern America, Japan, the Ryukyus, E. mainland China and Taiwan.

引證標本

TAIPEI: N.T.U. Campus, Chen s. n. Mar. 24, 1991; Wu 1711 (Herbarium National Hualien Teachers College, HLTC). NANTOU: Hsinyi, Tataga, Tseng 598 (Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute Herbarium).

參考文獻

• CHEN, Shih-Huei and WU, Ming-Jou, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 734. 1998.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)